　　Straightness detection: Common straightness detection methods include wire drawing method, laser collimator method, etc. The wire pulling method is to pull a thin wire at both ends of the guide rail, and then move it on the guide rail using a dial gauge to measure the distance change between the wire and the guide rail, in order to determine the straightness error of the guide rail. The laser collimator principle utilizes the high straightness of lasers to accurately detect straightness by measuring the deviation between the laser beam and the guide rail.

　　平行度检测：采用千分表或百分表配合标准平尺或量块进行检测。将千分表固定在运动部件上，使其测头与基准导轨或平尺表面接触，然后移动运动部件，读取千分表的读数变化，以此确定导轨之间的平行度误差。

　　Parallelism testing: Use a micrometer or dial gauge in conjunction with a standard ruler or measuring block for testing. Fix the dial gauge on the moving part so that its measuring head is in contact with the surface of the reference rail or ruler, then move the moving part and read the reading change of the dial gauge to determine the parallelism error between the rails.

　　垂直度检测：使用直角尺、垂直度测量仪等工具进行检测。将直角尺或垂直度测量仪放置在导轨与相关部件之间，通过测量两者之间的间隙或角度偏差，判断垂直度是否符合要求。

　　Verticality detection: Use tools such as a square ruler and verticality measuring instrument for detection. Place a ruler or verticality measuring instrument between the guide rail and related components, and determine whether the verticality meets the requirements by measuring the gap or angle deviation between the two.

　　表面粗糙度检测：可采用触针式粗糙度测量仪或光学显微镜等设备进行检测。触针式粗糙度测量仪通过触针在导轨表面移动，测量表面微观轮廓的起伏，从而得出表面粗糙度数值；光学显微镜则通过观察导轨表面的微观形貌，对表面粗糙度进行定性和定量分析。

　　Surface roughness detection: It can be carried out using equipment such as a stylus roughness measuring instrument or an optical microscope. The stylus roughness measuring instrument measures the roughness value of the surface by moving the stylus on the surface of the guide rail, measuring the roughness of the micro profile of the surface; The optical microscope qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes the surface roughness by observing the microstructure of the guide rail surface.

　　评估标准

　　Evaluation criteria

　　不同行业和应用场景对导轨运行平稳度的评估标准有所差异。在机床制造行业，一般要求导轨的直线度误差在每米 0.01 - 0.03 毫米之间，平行度误差不超过 0.02 毫米；电梯行业中，导轨的垂直度误差每 5 米不应超过 1 毫米，直线度误差每米不超过 0.05 毫米。此外，对于高精度的自动化设备，对导轨的各项精度指标要求更为严格。这些标准是根据设备的功能需求、运行性能和要求制定的，确保导轨在实际使用中能够满足设备的正常运行和精度要求。

　　The evaluation criteria for the smoothness of guide rail operation vary among different industries and application scenarios. In the machine tool manufacturing industry, it is generally required that the straightness error of the guide rail be between 0.01-0.03 millimeters per meter, and the parallelism error not exceed 0.02 millimeters; In the elevator industry, the verticality error of the guide rail should not exceed 1 millimeter per 5 meters, and the straightness error should not exceed 0.05 millimeters per meter. In addition, for high-precision automation equipment, the requirements for various precision indicators of the guide rail are more stringent. These standards are formulated based on the functional requirements, operational performance, and safety requirements of the equipment, ensuring that the guide rail can meet the normal operation and accuracy requirements of the equipment in actual use.

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