齿轮和齿条对于工业生产而言都是相当重要的机械元件，对于齿轮和齿条的精度和性能通常都有较高的要求。在生产加工的过程中，哪怕是一丝一毫的偏差都会对产品的成型质量造成影响。但是在实际的生产过程中，往往会存在一些不确定的因素会造成齿轮和齿条的精度误差。

Gears and racks are important mechanical components for industrial production, and there are usually high requirements for the accuracy and performance of gears and racks. During the production and processing process, even the slightest deviation can have an impact on the forming quality of the product. However, in the actual production process, there are often some uncertain factors that can cause accuracy errors in gears and racks.

引起齿轮和齿条误差的原因不止一种，导轨丝杠厂家小编为您总结了以下的三种情况：

There are more than one reasons for gear and rack errors, and the editor of the guide screw manufacturer has summarized the following three situations for you:

滚齿机的齿形误差

Tooth profile error of gear hobbing machine

机床是结合了展成运动结构和分齿运动结构的齿轮加工机床，像是滚齿机、插齿机等。对于这类型的机床而言，影响齿轮齿形误差的因素通常大部分来自于刀具的制造刃磨。安装误差以及分齿传动链的传动误差中的高次谐波分量，比如分度蜗杆的周期误差和刀具传动齿轮的齿距误差。

A machine tool is a gear processing machine tool that combines generative motion structure and tooth splitting motion structure, such as gear hobbing machines, gear shaping machines, etc. For this type of machine tool, most of the factors that affect gear tooth shape error usually come from the manufacturing and grinding of the cutting tool. The installation error and the higher harmonic components in the transmission error of the toothed transmission chain, such as the periodic error of the indexing worm and the tooth pitch error of the tool transmission gear.

基节偏差

Basal deviation

基节偏差是指齿轮的实际基节和公称基节的差。众所周知的，渐开线齿轮啮合的条件是两齿轮的基节相等。若相互啮合的一对齿轮中的其中一个齿轮产生了基节偏差，那么它们的轮齿在啮合的进入或者退出中将产生瞬时传动比变化，导致冲击和振动的产生。

Base pitch deviation refers to the difference between the actual base pitch and the nominal base pitch of a gear. As is well known, the condition for involute gear meshing is that the base pitch of two gears is equal. If one of the gears in a pair of gears that mesh with each other produces a base pitch deviation, their teeth will undergo an instantaneous change in transmission ratio during the entry or exit of meshing, leading to the generation of shock and vibration.

齿距偏差

Tooth pitch deviation

齿距偏差指的是分度圆上实际齿距和公称齿距的差，与基节偏差不同的是，基节是沿着啮合线的方向进行测量，而齿距是在分度圆周节上进行测量。齿形误差能够反映出压力角的误差。所以，就评断齿轮传动的平稳性而言，有些情况能够用齿距偏差取代基节偏差，齿距偏差更多的是由于机床分度运动机构的短周期误差引起的。

Tooth pitch deviation refers to the difference between the actual tooth pitch and the nominal tooth pitch on the indexing circle. Unlike the base pitch deviation, which is measured along the direction of the meshing line, the tooth pitch is measured on the circumferential pitch of the indexing circle. The tooth profile error can reflect the error of pressure angle. So, in terms of evaluating the smoothness of gear transmission, in some cases, pitch deviation can be used instead of base pitch deviation, which is more caused by the short cycle error of the indexing motion mechanism of the machine tool.

以上就是关于引起齿轮和齿条误差的原因分析，希望能够对您有一定的帮助！更多事项就来我们网站http://www.jngongrun.com进行咨询了解吧！

The above is an analysis of the causes of gear and rack errors, hoping to be of some help to you! For more information, come to our website http://www.jngongrun.com Consult and learn more!