滚珠丝杆VS梯形丝杆选型全解析

　　Full analysis of selection between ball screw and trapezoidal screw

　　我们今天来聊一聊这个滚珠丝杆和梯形丝杆在选型的时候的一些对比，各自的优缺点和适用的场景。好，那我们就赶紧开始吧，我也特别想知道这两种丝杆到底有什么不一样的地方，咱们先来聊一聊，就是这两种丝杆，它在核心的设计理念上面到底有什么不一样，然后导致它们的使用场景会有这么大的差别？

　　Today, let's talk about the comparison, advantages and disadvantages, and applicable scenarios of this ball screw and trapezoidal screw when selecting. Okay, let's get started quickly. I really want to know what are the differences between these two types of screws. Let's talk about them first. What are the differences in their core design concepts that lead to such a big difference in their usage scenarios?

　　滚珠丝杆，它的设计核心是追求性能，就是它的负载，它的速度。它的寿命。这些东西是它的设计核心，同时他要特别关注湿吻，临界转速这些问题，那梯形丝杆呢？它的设计核心主要就是功能和成本。就是它能不能自锁，它的强度够不够，它的磨损怎么样？就是它的设计核心是这些东西，所以这就导致了滚珠丝杆，就像一个运动员。就是他要追求更快，更高更强，然后 T 型四杆就更像是一个那种老黄牛，就是他要很踏实，很稳定，同时要很便宜，那就是说他们在设计理念上面确实是。天差地别，然后所以他们的应用场景也会。因此而非常的不一样。

　　Ball screw, its design core is to pursue performance, which is its load and speed. Its lifespan. These things are the core of its design, and it needs to pay special attention to issues such as wet kisses and critical speeds. What about the trapezoidal screw? Its design core is mainly about functionality and cost. Is it capable of self-locking, is its strength sufficient, and how is its wear and tear? The core of its design is these things, so this leads to a ball screw, like an athlete. He wants to pursue speed, height, and strength, and the T-shaped four bar is more like an old ox. He needs to be very down-to-earth, stable, and cheap at the same time, which means they are indeed in terms of design philosophy. The world is vastly different, so their application scenarios will also vary. Therefore, it is very different.

　　对，因为这个就决定了滚珠丝杆，它就是用在那种高精度，高速度的场景，比如说是加工中心机器人这种场景，那梯形丝杆呢，就用在一些对精度要求不是特别高，但是对成本非常敏感的地方，比如说一些简单的升降，一些手动调节的机构，这种地方，这两种丝杆在。轴向负载的能力上面和寿命上面，它们的设计的关注点和计算的方法有什么不一样呢？滚珠丝杆它的核心的指标是它的额定动载荷，然后它的寿命是通过这个 l10寿命公式来计算的，它算出来的。这个寿命是指在90%的可靠性下。他能走的总行程？这个是它的一个核心的指标。

　　Yes, that's why the ball screw is used in high-precision and high-speed scenarios, such as machining center robots. The trapezoidal screw is used in some places where precision is not particularly high but cost is very sensitive, such as simple lifting and manual adjustment mechanisms. In these places, these two types of screws are used. What are the differences in the design focus and calculation methods between axial load capacity and lifespan? The core indicator of a ball screw is its rated dynamic load, and its lifespan is calculated using the l10 lifespan formula. This lifespan refers to 90% reliability. What is the total itinerary he can take? This is one of its core indicators.

　　那梯形丝杆呢？它的设计的核心是要保证它的静态强度，就是它的负载下的压应力。拉应力要小于它的许用应力，所以它的公式就是压应力，等于它的负载，除以它的。丝杆的根部的截面积，它的核心是要避免它发生塑性变形或者是断裂。那这两种丝杆在速度上面，或者说在转速上面，它们的限制因素和具体表现有什么不一样。滚珠丝杆它的速度的限制呢？是来自于临界转速和 dn 值，就是它的临界转速是为了避免它发生共振，然后它的这个 dn 值是它的这个滚珠循环组件的一个速度的上限。这个值一般是在7万到8万之间。

　　What about the trapezoidal lead screw? The core of its design is to ensure its static strength, which is the compressive stress under its maximum load. The tensile stress should be less than its allowable stress, so its formula is compressive stress, which is equal to its maximum load divided by it. The cross-sectional area of the root of the screw rod, its core is to avoid plastic deformation or fracture. What are the differences in limiting factors and specific performance between these two types of screw rods in terms of speed or rotational speed. What is the speed limit of a ball screw? It comes from the critical speed and dn value, which means that its critical speed is to avoid resonance, and its dn value is the upper limit of the speed of its ball circulation component. This value is usually between 70000 and 80000.

　　不同的厂家会有一些区别，那梯形丝杆呢，它的速度的限制其实主要就是因为它的滑动摩擦产生的热量，所以它的这个速度一般，如果是金属螺母的话，会限制在0.05米每秒以下。如果是塑料螺母的话，可以到0.5米每秒。但是如果超过这个速度的话，就会导致它的磨损急剧增加，或者说它会咬死。那这两种丝杆在自锁性上面，在驱动扭矩上面和在效率上面有什么差别呢？

　　There may be some differences among different manufacturers. As for the trapezoidal screw, its speed limit is mainly due to the heat generated by its sliding friction. Therefore, its speed is generally limited to less than 0.05 meters per second if it is a metal nut. If it is a plastic nut, it can reach 0.5 meters per second. But if it exceeds this speed, it will cause a sharp increase in wear and tear, or in other words, it will bite to death. What are the differences between these two types of screws in terms of self-locking, driving torque, and efficiency?

　　然后这些差别又会让它们在实际使用的时候有什么样的不同的表现呢？滚珠丝杆它的摩擦系数非常的低，所以它是没有办法自锁的。所以它在垂直应用的时候，必须要加制动装置。那它的效率呢？一般可以达到90%以上，所以它可以使用更小功率的电机。来驱动那梯形丝杆呢？它是可以自锁的，就是它的螺纹伸角小于摩擦角的时候，它就可以自锁，所以它在垂直应用的时候是不需要额外的制动装置的。但是它的效率呢就比较低了，一般是在20%到50%之间，所以它需要更大功率的电机，并且由于它的效率低，所以它会产生比较多的热量。这两种丝杆在耐磨性上面和在维护上面又有什么差别呢？然后这些差别又会让它们在实际使用的时候有什么样的不同的表现呢？

　　And how will these differences affect their performance in practical use? The friction coefficient of a ball screw is very low, so it cannot self lock. So when it is applied vertically, a braking device must be added. What about its efficiency? Generally, it can reach over 90%, so it can use motors with lower power. What about driving the trapezoidal screw? It can be self-locking, that is, when its thread angle is less than the friction angle, it can be self-locking, so it does not require additional braking devices when applied vertically. But its efficiency is relatively low, usually between 20% and 50%, so it requires a higher power motor, and due to its low efficiency, it generates more heat. What is the difference between these two types of screws in terms of wear resistance and maintenance? And how will these differences affect their performance in practical use?

　　梯形丝杆它是需要进行一个 PV 值的校验的。就是它的压力和速度的乘积要在它的这个材料的使用 pv 值范围之内，所以它的这个材料的组合，比如说是钢对铜还是钢，对塑料，这些会对它的这个耐磨性有比较大的影响。那滚珠丝杆呢？它是滚动摩擦，所以它的磨损会小很多，但是它对滚道的硬度表面处理。还有润滑的条件会比较敏感。那这两种丝杆呢，都是需要定期润滑的，但是梯形丝杆它的螺母是一个易损件，所以它可能需要更频繁的去更换。

　　The trapezoidal screw requires a PV value verification. The product of its pressure and velocity must be within the range of PV values used for its material, so the combination of its material, such as steel to copper or steel to plastic, will have a significant impact on its wear resistance. What about the ball screw? It is a rolling friction, so its wear will be much smaller, but it affects the hardness surface treatment of the raceway. Lubrication conditions are also more sensitive. What about these two types of screws? Both require regular lubrication, but the nut of the trapezoidal screw is a vulnerable part, so it may need to be replaced more frequently.

　　我们在实际选择的时候，到底是应该选滚珠丝杆还是应该选 T 型丝杆呢？这个就要看你的具体的需求了，就是你的设备的精度要求，负载情况。

　　When making practical choices, should we choose ball screws or T-shaped screws? It depends on your specific needs, which are the accuracy requirements and load conditions of your equipment.

　　速度需求，还有你的成本预算这些东西，那滚珠丝杆呢？它是擅长于高精度，高速度的场景，所以它一般用在 CNC 机床，工业机器人这种设备上面，但是它的成本会比较高，然后有的时候需要额外的制动装置。那梯形丝杆呢，它就是成本比较低，自锁性比较好，所以它一般用在一些对精度要求不是特别高的地方，比如说千斤顶。阀门控制这种地方行吧，今天咱们把这个滚珠丝杆和梯形丝杆从各个方面都聊了一下，从他们的核心的设计理念到他们具体的使用场景的对比，希望能够帮大家在选型的时候有一个更清晰的认识 ok 了以上就是这篇文章的全部内容，然后咱们下期再见，拜拜！

　　Speed requirements and your cost budget, what about ball screws? It is good at high-precision and high-speed scenarios, so it is generally used in CNC machine tools, industrial robots and other equipment, but its cost is relatively high, and sometimes additional braking devices are required. What about the trapezoidal screw rod? It has a relatively low cost and good self-locking performance, so it is generally used in places where precision requirements are not particularly high, such as jacks. Is valve control okay? Today we talked about ball screws and trapezoidal screws from various aspects, from their core design concepts to their specific usage scenarios. We hope to help everyone have a clearer understanding when selecting. OK, that's all for this article. See you in the next issue. Goodbye!

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