一、直线导轨的组成

　　1、 Composition of linear guide rail

　　二、关于直线导轨的径向间隙

　　2、 Regarding the radial clearance of linear guides

　　直线导轨的径向间隙是指，直线导轨固定时，在其长度的部将滑块轻轻的作上下移动，这时滑块部的径向移动量。直线导轨的径向间隙分为5种，ZF(有间隙)、Z0(零间隙)、Z1(轻预压)、Z2(中预压)及Z3(重预压)。直线导轨的径向间隙，对运行精度、耐负荷性能和刚性都有明显影响，因此根据用途适当地选择间隙是很重要的。一般，考虑到因往复运动而产生的振动冲击，选择负间隙，对使用寿命及精度都会带来好的效果。

　　The radial clearance of a linear guide refers to the amount of radial movement of the slider at the center of its length when the slider is gently moved up and down when the linear guide is fixed. The radial clearance of linear guides is divided into five types: ZF (with clearance), Z0 (zero clearance), Z1 (light preloading), Z2 (medium preloading), and Z3 (heavy preloading). The radial clearance of linear guides has a significant impact on operational accuracy, load resistance, and rigidity, so it is important to choose the appropriate clearance according to the purpose. Generally, considering the vibration impact caused by reciprocating motion, choosing negative clearance will bring good effects on service life and accuracy.

　　三、直线导轨精密度分类与注意事项

　　3、 Precision classification and precautions for linear guides

　　直线导轨机构根据精度及刚性要求分为两类：预紧级产品与非预紧级产品，预紧级产品也称为非互换性产品，非预紧级产品也称为互换性产品。

　　Linear guide mechanisms are divided into two categories based on accuracy and rigidity requirements: pre tensioned products and non tensioned products. Pre tensioned products are also known as non interchangeable products, while non tensioned products are also known as interchangeable products.

　　①预紧级产品滑块的拆卸与装配在安装及使用过程中，通常禁止使滑块脱离导轨或拆卸滑块，因为这样很容易使滑块内的滚珠脱落，使灰尘进入滑块内部，降低部件精度甚损坏部件。如确需要使滑块脱离导轨，需要在制造商指导下采用专用的暂用导轨轴进行，而且要严格按滑块原来的位置与方向装回。

　　① During the installation and use of pre tensioned product sliders, it is usually forbidden to detach the slider from the guide rail or disassemble the slider, as this can easily cause the balls inside the slider to fall off, allowing dust to enter the slider, reducing component accuracy, and even damaging the components. If it is necessary to detach the slider from the guide rail, a dedicated temporary guide rail shaft should be used under the guidance of the manufacturer, and the slider should be strictly reinstalled in its original position and direction.

　　②非预紧级产品滑块的拆卸与装配非预紧产品的精度及刚性要求更低，通常既可以将滑块装配在导轨上后供应，也可以将导轨与滑块分开包装供应，因此也称为互换性产品。精度等级：以HG系列为例：非互换性导轨尺寸精度（mm）

　　② The disassembly and assembly of non pre tensioned product sliders require lower precision and rigidity. Non pre tensioned products can usually be supplied by assembling the slider on the guide rail, or by packaging the guide rail and slider separately. Therefore, they are also known as interchangeable products. Accuracy level: Taking HG series as an example: Non interchangeable guide rail dimensional accuracy (mm)

　　HG系列直线导轨的精度，分为普通、高、精密、超精密、超高精密级共五级，客户可依设备精度需求选用精度。

　　The accuracy of HG series linear guides is divided into five levels: ordinary, high, precision, ultra precision, and ultra high precision. Customers can choose the accuracy according to their equipment accuracy requirements.

　　直线导轨的间隙和预压直接影响直线导轨的使用刚性。间隙：滑块、轨道与钢球之间的间隙。预压：预先给钢珠负荷力（加大钢珠直径）利用钢珠和轨道之间负向间隙给于预压。提高刚性及间隙。预压等级分为轻预压（Z0）、中预压（ZA）、重预压（ZB）应用如下：

　　The clearance and preloading of linear guides directly affect the rigidity of their use. Gap: The gap between the slider, track, and steel ball. Preloading: Preloading is applied to the steel ball by increasing its diameter and utilizing the negative gap between the ball and the track. Improve rigidity and eliminate gaps. The preloading levels are divided into light preloading (Z0), medium preloading (ZA), and heavy preloading (ZB). The applications are as follows:

　　等级       | 应用特点

　　Level | Application Features

　　轻预压(Z0) | 振动极小，负荷平衡好，轻盈精密的移动

　　Light preloading (Z0) | minimal vibration, good load balance, light and precise movement

　　中预压(ZA) | 中度振动，承受中度外悬负荷

　　Moderate preload (ZA) | Moderate vibration, bearing moderate external suspension load

　　重预压(ZB) | 有振动和冲击，承受外悬重负荷

　　Heavy preloading (ZB) | With vibration and impact, it can withstand external suspended heavy loads

　　四、直线导轨的选型流程

　　4、 Selection process of linear guide rail

　　选型实际探讨数据：

　　Selection of actual exploration data:

　　[1)基本静额定负荷(Co)的定义

　　[1) Definition of Basic Static Rated Load (Co)

　　直线导轨在静止或运动中若承受过大的负荷，或受有很大冲击负荷时，会导致珠道接触面和钢珠产生局部的变形;当变形量超过某一限度，将妨碍直线导轨运动的平稳性。基本静额定负荷便是容许这个变形量的极限负荷。依照定义:负荷的方向和大小不变的状态下，在受到应力接触面处，钢珠与珠道表面的总变形量恰为钢珠直径万分之一时的静止负荷。

　　If a linear guide is subjected to excessive loads or significant impact loads during stationary or motion, it can cause local permanent deformation of the contact surface between the ball track and the steel ball; When the permanent deformation exceeds a certain limit, it will hinder the smoothness of the linear guide rail movement. The basic static rated load is the maximum load that allows for this permanent deformation. According to the definition, in a state where the direction and magnitude of the load remain unchanged, the total permanent deformation between the steel ball and the surface of the ball track at the contact surface under maximum stress is exactly one ten thousandth of the diameter of the steel ball under static load.

　　基本静额定负荷的数值详列于各规格尺寸表中:使用者可参照表格选用适合的直线导轨，但必需注意的是被选用的直线导轨在运行中所受的静负荷不可超过其基本静额定负荷

　　The values of the basic static rated load are detailed in the size tables of each specification. Users can refer to the table to select suitable linear guides, but it must be noted that the maximum static load experienced by the selected linear guide during operation cannot exceed its basic static rated load

　　(2)容许静力矩(Mo)的定义

　　(2) Definition of allowable static moment (Mo)

　　当滑块中受到应力的钢珠达到上述定义之静额定负荷时，此时滑块所承载之力矩称为静额定力矩。在直线导轨运动中是以Ma、Mp、My这三个方向来定义:

　　When the steel ball subjected to the maximum stress in the slider reaches the static rated load defined above, the moment carried by the slider at this time is called the static rated moment. In linear guide motion, it is defined in three directions: Ma, Mp, and My:

　　静系数选择：直线导轨在慢速动作或动作频率高的状况下，需考虑静系数。根据不同的使用状况，计算静负荷必须考虑不同的系数，尤其是直线导轨受到重型负荷时，需取用较大的系数。

　　Selection of static safety factor: When the linear guide operates at slow speed or high frequency, the static safety factor needs to be considered. According to different usage conditions, different safety factors must be considered when calculating static loads, especially when linear guides are subjected to heavy loads, a larger safety factor needs to be taken.

　　五、直线导轨的选型举例设计要求：托盘+工件质量：M=200Kg，加速时间：t=0.5S，升速：V=0.5m/s，丝杠导程：P=10mm，丝杠直径：D=45mm，质心距离导轨：L=300mm ? ，直线导轨间距：b=150mm，直线导轨摩擦系数=0.1，丝杠质量：m=8.5Kg。

　　5、 Example design requirements for selection of linear guide rail: pallet+workpiece mass: M=200kg, acceleration time: t=0.5S, acceleration speed: V=0.5m/s, screw lead: P=10mm, screw diameter: D=45mm, center of mass distance from guide rail: L=300mm? Linear guide rail spacing: b=150mm, linear guide rail friction coefficient=0.1, screw mass: m=8.5Kg.