丝杠行业概述

　　Overview of the Screw Industry

　　人形机器人丝杠是机器人线性驱动的关键组件，主要实现旋转与直线运动的转换。

　　The screw of a humanoid robot is a key component of the robot's linear drive, which mainly realizes the conversion between rotation and linear motion.

　　其应用于关节驱动和运动控制，如手臂、腿部以及灵巧手等，是实现精准移动和稳定支撑的重要部件。

　　It is applied in joint drive and motion control, such as arms, legs, and dexterous hands, and is an important component for achieving precise movement and stable support.

　　丝杠传动刚性传动主流方案，具备高精度、高负载等优势。

　　The mainstream solution of screw driven rigid transmission has advantages such as high precision and high load.

　　从设计结构角度来看，丝杠分为滑动丝杠、滚珠丝杠和行星滚柱丝杠。

　　From the perspective of design structure, screw can be divided into sliding screw, ball screw, and planetary roller screw.

　　滑动丝杠多为梯形丝杠，工艺简单且成本较低，但传动效率低、精度不高。

　　Sliding screws are mostly trapezoidal screws, with simple processes and low costs, but low transmission efficiency and low accuracy.

　　滚珠丝杠

　　Ball screw

　　滚珠丝杠由丝杠轴、螺母（含滚珠）、轴承和密封件构成，以滚珠滚动摩擦替代滑动摩擦，传动效率高、导程精度高。

　　A ball screw is composed of a screw shaft, a nut (including balls), bearings, and seals. It replaces sliding friction with rolling friction of balls, resulting in high transmission efficiency and high lead accuracy.

　　丝杠轴、螺母和端盖上都制有圆弧形螺旋槽，将套装在一起时，这些槽对合起来就形成了螺旋通道，滚珠能够在通道内循环滚动。

　　The screw shaft, nut, and end cap are all made with arc-shaped spiral grooves. When they are assembled together, these grooves align to form a spiral channel, and the ball can circulate and roll in the channel.

　　特斯拉二代灵巧手方案采用微型滚珠丝杠，实现手部高灵活度和强负载能力。

　　The Tesla second-generation dexterous hand solution adopts a micro ball screw to achieve high flexibility and strong load capacity of the hand.

　　微型滚珠丝杠将电机的旋转运动转化为直线运动，从而驱动手指关节实现弯曲和伸展。

　　The miniature ball screw converts the rotational motion of the motor into linear motion, thereby driving the finger joints to achieve bending and extension.

　　行星滚柱丝杠

　　Planetary roller screw

　　相较于滚珠丝杠传动方案，行星滚柱丝杠具有承载力、体积和精度等综合优势，非常契合在空间紧凑的人形机器人上应用。

　　Compared to ball screw transmission schemes, planetary roller screws have comprehensive advantages in load-bearing capacity, volume, and accuracy, making them highly suitable for application in compact humanoid robots.

　　行星滚柱丝杠由于高数量接触点，能够承受更高的静载和动载，静载为滚珠丝杠的3倍，寿命为滚珠丝杠的15倍，同载荷下体积比滚珠丝杠小1/3。

　　Due to its high number of contact points, planetary roller screws can withstand higher static and dynamic loads. The static load is three times that of ball screws, and the lifespan is 15 times that of ball screws. Under the same load, the volume is one-third smaller than that of ball screws.

　　核心结构包括丝杠、滚柱、螺母、内齿圈、保持架和弹性挡圈。运动模式类似行星绕太阳，精度，但降本诉求迫切。

　　The core structure includes a screw, roller, nut, internal gear ring, cage, and elastic retaining ring. The motion mode is similar to a planet orbiting the sun, with the highest accuracy, but the demand for cost reduction is urgent.

　　通过驱动螺母带动丝杠轴向运动（螺母作为主动件），可以理解成将螺母作为电机转子实现电机和直线传动机构（丝杠）融合的复合产品，好处就是在同等扭矩的基础上可以产生更大的负载，同时体积更小。

　　By driving the nut to drive the axial movement of the screw (with the nut as the active component), it can be understood as a composite product that integrates the motor and linear transmission mechanism (screw) by using the nut as the motor rotor. The advantage is that it can generate a larger load on the basis of the same torque, while having a smaller volume.

　　行星滚柱丝杠分为标准式、反向式、循环式、差动式和轴承环式等多种类型，其中反向式行星滚柱丝杠在人形机器人中应用较为广泛。

　　Planetary roller screws are divided into various types such as standard, reverse, cyclic, differential, and bearing ring. Among them, reverse planetary roller screws are widely used in humanoid robots.

　　反向式行星滚柱丝杠结构紧凑、重量更小，但加工要求更高。

　　The reverse planetary roller screw has a compact structure, smaller weight, but higher processing requirements.

　　特斯拉人形机器人Optimus主要采用反向式行星滚柱丝杠，每个线性执行器中都搭载了一个行星滚柱丝杠，总共使用了14根反向式行星滚柱丝杠，分别用于大臂（2个）、小臂（4个）、大腿（4个）和小腿（4个）。

　　The Tesla humanoid robot Optimus mainly uses reverse planetary roller screws, with one planetary roller screw installed in each linear actuator. A total of 14 reverse planetary roller screws are used, which are respectively used for the upper arm (2), lower arm (4), thigh (4), and calf (4).

　　本文由 导轨丝杠 友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击  http://www.jngongrun.com/   真诚的态度.为您提供为的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from the guide screw For more related knowledge, please click http://www.jngongrun.com/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.