滚珠丝杠的循环方式通常分为两种：外循环和内循环。在外循环中，滚珠在循环过程中会暂时与丝杠脱离接触；而在内循环中，滚珠则始终与丝杠保持连续接触。

　　The circulation of ball screws is usually divided into two types: external circulation and internal circulation. In the external circulation, the ball will temporarily detach from the screw during the circulation process; In the inner cycle, the ball always maintains continuous contact with the screw.

　　1.外循环：滚珠在完成一个循环后，会通过螺母外表面的螺旋槽或插管，重新回到丝杠螺母间，继续下一个循环。外循环滚珠丝杠螺母副的返回方式主要有端盖式、插管式和螺旋槽式。端盖式是通过在螺母上加工一个纵向孔作为回程通道，滚珠从两端的盖板回程口进入回程管进行循环；插管式则采用弯管作为返回管道，这种结构工艺性好，但径向尺寸较大；螺旋槽式在螺母外圆上铣出螺旋槽，并通过两端钻出的通孔与螺纹滚道相切形成返回通道，其径向尺寸较小，但制造较复杂。外循环结构简单、使用广泛，但滚道接缝处可能影响滚珠滚道的平稳性。

　　1. External circulation: After completing one cycle, the ball will pass through the spiral groove or insertion tube on the outer surface of the nut and return to the screw nut space to continue the next cycle. The return methods of external circulation ball screw nut pairs mainly include end cap type, insert tube type, and spiral groove type. End cap type is achieved by machining a longitudinal hole on the nut as a return channel, and the ball enters the return pipe through the return ports of the cover plates at both ends for circulation; The intubation type uses a bent pipe as the return pipe, which has good processability but larger radial dimensions; Spiral groove is milled out on the outer circle of the nut, and a return channel is formed by cutting the threaded raceway through the through holes drilled at both ends. Its radial size is small, but its manufacturing is more complex. The external circulation structure is simple and widely used, but the joint of the rolling track may affect the smoothness of the ball rolling track.

　　2.内循环：内循环则通过反向器实现滚珠的循环，反向器有两种类型：圆柱凸键反向器和扁圆镶块反向器。圆柱凸键反向器的圆柱部分嵌入螺母内，端部开有反向槽，通过圆柱外圆面及其上的圆键定位；而扁圆镶块反向器为一般圆头平键镶块，嵌入螺母的切槽中，其端部开有反向槽，用镶块的外轮廓定位。内循环结构尺寸紧凑，但对外轮廓和螺母上的切槽尺寸精度要求较高。

　　2. Internal circulation: Internal circulation is achieved through the use of a reversing device to circulate the balls. There are two types of reversing devices: cylindrical convex key reversing device and flat circular insert reversing device. The cylindrical part of the cylindrical convex key reverser is embedded in the nut, and the end is provided with a reverse groove, which is positioned through the outer circular surface of the cylinder and the circular key on it; The flat round block reversing device is a general round head flat key block, embedded in the cutting groove of the nut, with a reverse groove at its end, positioned by the outer contour of the block. The internal circulation structure is compact in size, but requires high precision in the dimensions of the external contour and the groove on the nut.

　　种类选择：滚珠丝杠的螺母根据钢球的循环方式可分为弯管式、循环器式和端盖式。弯管式螺母通过弯管让钢球进行循环，钢球从丝杆轴的沟槽中掬取进入弯管后，再回到沟槽中做无限循环运动；循环器式螺母则采用专门的循环器进行钢球的循环。在选择时，可以根据具体的应用需求和性能要求来挑选合适的循环方式和螺母类型。

　　Type selection: The nuts of ball screws can be divided into bent pipe type, loop type, and end cap type according to the circulation mode of the steel ball. The bent nut circulates the steel ball through the bent pipe, and the steel ball is scooped from the groove of the screw shaft into the bent pipe and then returns to the groove for infinite cyclic motion; The circular nut uses a specialized circular device to circulate the steel ball. When selecting, suitable cycling methods and nut types can be chosen based on specific application and performance requirements.

　　这些型号的螺母设计得相当紧凑，它们利用循环器巧妙地改变钢球的行进方向，使钢球能够越过丝杆轴的外径并返回到原位，从而实现无限循环的运动。

　　These models of nuts are designed to be quite compact, cleverly changing the direction of the steel ball's movement using a cycler, allowing the steel ball to cross the outer diameter of the screw shaft and return to its original position, thereby achieving infinite cyclic motion.

　　另外，端盖式螺母（如SBK、SDA、SBKH、WHF、BLK、WGF、BLW、WTF、CNF和BLR型）则非常适合高速给进的应用。在这些螺母中，钢球通过端盖被巧妙地从丝杆轴的沟槽中掬取，并引入螺母的通孔内，再通过通孔返回到沟槽中，同样实现无限循环的运动。

　　In addition, end cap nuts (such as SBK, SDA, SBKH, WHF, BLK, WGF, BLW, WTF, CNF, and BLR types) are very suitable for high-speed feeding applications. In these nuts, the steel ball is cleverly scooped out of the groove of the screw shaft through the end cap, introduced into the through hole of the nut, and then returned to the groove through the through hole, achieving infinite cyclic motion.

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