近日有对我们提到，杭州一家公司通过冷镦（也可称为冷精锻）技术，将人形机器人丝杠的运行寿命提升到了真正可用级别，成本公摊也有望降到可用范围。

　　Recently, an expert mentioned to us that a company in Hangzhou has improved the operating life of humanoid robot screws to a truly usable level through cold heading (also known as cold precision forging) technology, and the cost sharing is expected to be reduced to a usable range.

　　目前，人形机器人有两个部位主要用到丝杠，分别是腿部线性执行器和灵巧手，前者多采用反向行星滚柱丝杠，后者则多用微型滚珠丝杠，两者精度要求都不算低，在原先，市场上大多灵巧手用的微型滚珠丝杠，多是由磨床制造，设备要求较高，精密加工和装配的要求也高，大多企业单位生产时间达数十分钟，能保证余量、精度、效率都能满足的企业少之又少，大多终生产的丝杠产品运行寿命普遍就仅20?万次，对于落地而言成本过高，因为这意味着如果人形机器人每天在工厂干?12?小时，每分钟抓放?10?次工件，约拉升约7200?次，20?万次晚1?个月就会报废更换。

　　At present, there are two main parts of humanoid robots that use screws, namely leg linear actuators and dexterous hands. The former mostly uses reverse planetary roller screws, while the latter mostly uses micro ball screws, both of which have high accuracy requirements. In the past, most of the micro ball screws used by dexterous hands in the market were manufactured by grinding machines, with high equipment requirements and high precision machining and assembly requirements. Most enterprises have a production time of tens of minutes per unit, and few can ensure that the margin, accuracy, and efficiency can be met. Most of the final produced screw products generally have a service life of only 20? Ten thousand times, the cost is too high for landing, because it means that if humanoid robots work in factories every day? 12 hours, catch and release every minute? 10 pieces per day, approximately 7200 pieces per day? Next time, 20? Ten thousand times at the latest? It will be scrapped and replaced within a month.

　　反向行星滚珠丝杠运行架构是螺母带丝杠运行，因此设计上难度在于需要紧凑适配机器人关节、制造公差小、可传大载荷扭矩，而且球轴承随着磨损精度衰减问题较为明显，动态响应滞后，加之加工慢、产量低，行星滚柱丝杠的精度等级从P0?到?P7，P0?，人形机器人大多得需要P5?级精度，P5?级对应?ISO?标准的?C5?级，指的是?300?毫米行程误差在±0.01?毫米内。

　　The operating architecture of the reverse planetary ball screw is nut with screw operation, so the difficulty in design lies in the need for compact adaptation of robot joints, small manufacturing tolerances, and the ability to transmit large load torque. In addition, the ball bearing has a significant problem of accuracy degradation with wear, and the dynamic response lags behind. In addition, the processing is slow and the output is low. The accuracy level of the planetary roller screw ranges from P0? To? P7，P0? Most humanoid robots require P5 level precision, which corresponds to P5 level accuracy? ISO? Standard? C5 level, what does it mean? 300? Is the millimeter stroke error within ± 0.01? Within millimeters.

　　因此业界传闻部分企业据称放弃线性执行器方案改用旋转式方案，或者较为可行的方案是将滚珠丝杠替换为行星滚柱丝杠，因为同等精度尺寸的行星滚柱丝杠的寿命远高于滚珠丝杠，但目前行星滚柱丝杠的应用难点在于加工难度高、加工效率低和成本高，因此如何降本将成为未来重要课题，冷镦工艺有望解决微型行星滚柱丝杠成本问题。

　　Therefore, there are rumors in the industry that some companies have abandoned linear actuator solutions and switched to rotary solutions, or a more feasible solution is to replace ball screws with planetary roller screws, because planetary roller screws of the same precision size have a much longer lifespan than ball screws. However, the current application difficulties of planetary roller screws lie in high processing difficulty, low processing efficiency, and high cost. Therefore, how to reduce costs will become an important issue in the future, and cold heading technology is expected to solve the cost problem of micro planetary roller screws.

　　▍丝杠冷镦工艺是个新思路？

　　Is the cold heading process for lead screws a new idea?

　　9月24日，新坐标发布冷镦工艺微型行星滚柱丝杠，精度可达C3，丝杠齿形一次成形精度可达IT4?级，效率5min/根（高于市面平均效率5-10倍）。而且目前手部微型丝杠加工已经成熟，产品送样中，公司称正在研发冷镦工艺腿部大丝杠，而且丝杠滚压工艺迎来突破进展，布局循环式、反向式大小滚珠丝杠，预计十月底推出0.5mm及7.5mm导程丝杠，静荷载500N、20000N，充分验证冷锻工艺技术路径的可行性。

　　On September 24th, New Coordinates released a micro planetary roller screw with cold heading technology, with an accuracy of C3 and a one-time forming accuracy of IT4 for the screw tooth profile? Grade, efficiency of 5 minutes per root (5-10 times higher than the market average efficiency). And currently, the processing of hand micro screws has become mature. In the product sample submission process, the company claims to be developing cold heading technology for leg large screws, and the screw rolling technology has made breakthrough progress. The layout includes circular and reverse sized ball screws. It is expected to launch 0.5mm and 7.5mm lead screws with static loads of 500N and 20000N by the end of October, fully verifying the feasibility of the cold forging process technology path.

　　新坐标成立于2002?年，总部位于杭州市余杭区仓前工业园，是国内精密冷锻件制造的龙头企业，于?2017?年在上交所主板上市。该公司早是深耕汽车零部件制造，采用冷镦工艺技术打造类似产品，积极开拓汽车变速器、精密电磁阀、空心电机轴、动力电池壳体精密零部件、丝杠精密零部件，以及不锈钢精密冷锻制品等多个高附加值领域。

　　The new coordinates were established in 2002? In the year, headquartered in Cangqian Industrial Park, Yuhang District, Hangzhou City, it is a leading enterprise in precision cold forging manufacturing in China? 2017? Listed on the main board of the Shanghai Stock Exchange in the year. The company was originally deeply involved in the manufacturing of automotive parts, using cold heading technology to create similar products, actively exploring multiple high value-added fields such as automotive transmissions, precision solenoid valves, hollow motor shafts, precision components for power battery casings, precision components for lead screws, and stainless steel precision cold forging products.

　　冷镦成形锻造是指利用锻压机械对金属坯料施加压力，使金属坯料产生塑性变形，以获得具有一定机械性能、形状和尺寸锻件的一种加工工艺，目前主要有三种生产模式，分别是分序冷精锻、多工位冷精锻、单工位多动作冷精锻。国内普遍采用分序冷精锻。新坐标采用的模式则是多工位冷精锻成形技术。多工位冷精锻成形技术就是选择合适的金属坯料放置在冷锻机上，施加高压力将其压入模具中成型，每次成型一部分，在多个工位上分次挤压，形成所需的形状和尺寸。

　　Cold heading forging refers to a processing technology that uses forging machinery to apply pressure to metal billets, causing plastic deformation of the metal billets to obtain forgings with certain mechanical properties, shapes, and sizes. Currently, there are three main production modes, namely sequential cold precision forging, multi station cold precision forging, and single station multi action cold precision forging. Sequential cold precision forging is commonly used domestically. The new coordinate adopts a multi station cold precision forging forming technology. The multi station cold precision forging technology is to select suitable metal billets and place them on the cold forging machine, apply high pressure to press them into the mold for forming, forming a part each time, and extruding them in multiple stations to form the desired shape and size.

　　因为滚柱丝杠主要由丝杠轴、螺母、滚珠以及循环部件组成，传统丝杠加工工艺为先用车床做粗加工，再用磨床做精磨，此种工艺能够保证精度但效率极低；为追求效率提升，产业研发出通过以车代磨（即车床直接车削，不需要精磨）直接加工，此种工艺效率高，但目前精度存在上限。因此在机器人腿部的反向式行星滚柱丝杠，业界关注的焦点在于丝杠精度，若精度要求较高，则必须在粗加工后加一道精磨工艺；若精度要求一般（C5左右），则以车代磨将是性价比更高的工艺。

　　Because the roller screw is mainly composed of the screw shaft, nut, ball, and circulating components, the traditional screw machining process is to first use a lathe for rough machining, and then use a grinder for fine grinding. This process can ensure accuracy but has extremely low efficiency; In order to pursue efficiency improvement, the industry has developed a process that uses turning instead of grinding (i.e. turning directly with a lathe without precision grinding) for direct processing. This process has high efficiency, but there is currently an upper limit to accuracy. Therefore, in the reverse planetary roller screw of robot legs, the industry's focus is on the accuracy of the screw. If high accuracy is required, a precision grinding process must be added after rough machining; If the accuracy requirement is average (around C5), then replacing grinding with a car will be a more cost-effective process.

　　在汽车界，冷镦技术壁垒相对高，覆盖材料、模具、设备等全产业链技术，丝杠用冷精锻成型技术的优势在于，能够快速成型螺母和丝杠轴，可以减少在切削加工时形成金属废屑，减少原材料损耗，节约原材料成本，此外冷精锻生产的工件形状和尺寸容易控制，可以避免高温导致的外形误差，表面质量和精度较高。可以说冷镦工艺兼具加工效率高、材料损耗率低、绿色等优点，近年来在汽车零部件加工方案的渗透率逐步提升，所以冷镦工艺也被认为是灵巧手微型丝杠重要降本方案。

　　In the automotive industry, cold heading technology has relatively high barriers, covering the entire industry chain technology such as materials, molds, and equipment. The advantage of cold precision forging technology for lead screws is that it can quickly form nuts and lead screw shafts, reduce the formation of metal chips during cutting, reduce raw material consumption, and save raw material costs. In addition, the shape and size of workpieces produced by cold precision forging are easy to control, which can avoid shape errors caused by high temperatures, and have high surface quality and accuracy. It can be said that cold heading technology has the advantages of high processing efficiency, low material loss rate, and green environmental protection. In recent years, the penetration rate of automotive parts processing solutions has gradually increased, so cold heading technology is also considered an important cost reduction solution for dexterous hand micro screws.

　　▍新坐标强在哪？

　　Where is the strength of the new coordinates?

　　新坐标在设备端自研自制内螺纹滚压设备及热成型设备，同时通过引进国际的多工位冷镦机，结合公司长期积累的“平板卷制”工艺，能够完成冷镦加工，材料利用率达?91%，远高于行业平均的?65%，成本直降?42%，而且内螺纹可3～5分钟成型C3精度，内螺纹设备成本仅几十万。

　　New Coordinates has independently developed and manufactured internal thread rolling equipment and hot forming equipment on the equipment side. At the same time, by introducing internationally advanced multi station cold heading machines and combining them with the company's long-term accumulated "flat plate rolling" process, it can efficiently complete cold heading processing with a material utilization rate of up to? 91%, much higher than the industry average? 65%, cost reduction? 42%, and the internal thread can be molded with C3 precision in 3-5 minutes, with a cost of only a few hundred thousand yuan for internal thread equipment.

　　有消息称其给三花智控提供的汽车热管理项目里的阀芯阀柱就采用类似工艺，10月底可做好5台，月产能达2万套，从而已经使得原材料使用量下降，且用冷冻的工艺生产，大大提高生产效率，明年3月底达到3万套，明年12月底达到4万套，根据客户需求扩产能周期为3个月，从而能为客户降本增效。

　　It is reported that the valve core and valve column in the automotive thermal management project provided to Sanhua Intelligent Control will use a similar process. By the end of October, 5 units can be produced, with a monthly production capacity of 20000 sets, which has already reduced the use of raw materials. In addition, the production process will be frozen, greatly improving production efficiency. By the end of March next year, the production capacity will reach 30000 sets, and by the end of December next year, it will reach 40000 sets. According to customer demand, the production capacity expansion cycle is 3 months, which can reduce costs and increase efficiency for customers.

　　近年来，公司开始将业务拓展汽车发动机以外的领域，开始涉足汽车用驻车丝杠&机器人用丝杠领域的研发和制造，有望打造第二成长曲线。2025年4月29日，新坐标联合浙江陀曼智能（专攻高端磨床及智能制造）成立杭州九月八精密传动，持股77%，聚焦滚柱丝杠、滚珠丝杠生产。公司积极布局全球市场，在欧洲（捷克）、北美（墨西哥）设立制造基地，随着海外工厂陆续投产，公司业绩持续增长，展现出较强的盈利能力和国际竞争力。

　　In recent years, the company has begun to expand its business beyond automotive engines, entering the research and manufacturing of parking screws for automobiles and screws for robots, and is expected to create a second growth curve. On April 29, 2025, New Coordinates partnered with Zhejiang Tuoman Intelligent (specializing in high-end grinding machines and intelligent manufacturing) to establish Hangzhou September 8th Precision Transmission, holding 77% of the shares, focusing on the production of roller screws and ball screws. The company actively expands its global market by establishing manufacturing bases in Europe (Czech Republic) and North America (Mexico). With the continuous production of overseas factories, the company's performance continues to grow, demonstrating strong profitability and international competitiveness.

　　凭借全球化布局和深耕，公司业绩保持稳健增长，2020-2024年收入CAGR=16.0%，其中24年海外收入实现同比+47%，海外收入占比从2020年的17%迅速提升2024年的43%，客户方面绑定欧洲大众、通用等高端客户。

　　With a global layout and deep cultivation, the company's performance has maintained steady growth, with a CAGR of 16.0% in revenue from 2020 to 2024. Among them, overseas revenue achieved a year-on-year increase of 47% in 24 years, and the proportion of overseas revenue rapidly increased from 17% in 2020 to 43% in 2024. The customer side is bound to high-end customers such as Volkswagen and General Motors in Europe.