行星滚柱丝杠：人形机器人成本密码

　　Planetary roller screw: cost code for humanoid robots

　　你知道人形机器人身上烧钱的零件是哪一个吗？不是芯片也不是电机，而是一根看起来像金属棒的东西。行星滚柱丝杠在机器人的成本清单里，它是真正的，天花板甚一度卡住了高端机器人量产为什么这么贵？关键就在结构上。普通丝杠用的是滚珠，属于点接触，而行星滚柱丝杠用的是多根螺纹滚柱直面接触，结果就是在同样体积下承载能力直接提升好几倍。寿命还能翻十倍以上，夸张到什么程度，手指粗了一根就能顶起几吨重的车，定位精度还能控制在头发丝级别。人形机器人要跳跃深蹲，搬重物，还得动作中身材轻，这种小体积加大力量的极限要求，目前只有行星滚柱，丝杠能扛住，但问题也在这儿，它的加工难度极高，磨削热处理装配每一步都在挑战工业极限，所以一直下不来。不过好消息是，随着国产供应链开始突破，这个曾经昂贵的机器人机械正在真正走向放量阶段。关注我下期分享机器人进展。

　　Do you know which part of a humanoid robot is the most expensive? It's not a chip or a motor, but something that looks like a metal rod. The planetary roller screw is the real price in the cost list of robots, and even the ceiling was once stuck. Why is it so expensive for high-end robot mass production? The key lies in the structure. The ordinary screw uses ball bearings, which belong to point contact, while the planetary roller screw uses multiple threaded rollers in direct contact, resulting in a direct increase in load-bearing capacity by several times under the same volume. The lifespan can be increased by more than ten times, to what extent can it be exaggerated? A thicker finger can lift a car weighing several tons, and the positioning accuracy can be controlled at the level of a hair thread. Humanoid robots need to jump, squat, and move heavy objects with a lightweight body during their movements. The extreme requirement of increasing strength with small volume is currently only supported by planetary rollers and lead screws. However, the problem lies in its extremely high processing difficulty, with every step of grinding, heat treatment, and assembly challenging industrial limits, so the price has not been able to come down. However, the good news is that as the domestic supply chain begins to break through, this once expensive robotic machinery is truly entering the stage of mass production. Follow me to share the latest developments in robotics in the next issue.